很多學生一聽到「關係代名詞」就頭痛,不知道 who、which、that 差在哪裡,也搞不清楚什麼時候該用什麼。其實關係代名詞一點也不難,只要你用「生活化的句子」去理解,而不是背公式,你就能真正學會它們。
本文用最簡單的語言、最貼近日常的例子,帶你3分鐘內搞懂 who / which / that 的用法與差別。
一、什麼是關係代名詞?
關係代名詞就是用來「連接兩個句子」,讓你能用一句話描述更多資訊。
例如:
- This is my friend. He plays the guitar. → This is my friend who plays the guitar.
二、who / which / that 有什麼不同?
| 關係代名詞 | 指代對象 | 功能 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| who | 人 | 主詞或受詞 | The boy who is wearing glasses is my classmate. |
| which | 物/動物 | 主詞或受詞 | I found a book which was very interesting. |
| that | 人/物 | 主詞或受詞 | The cake that she made was delicious. |
補充:that 通常可以代替 who 或 which,但在正式寫作中建議保留 who / which 以避免模糊。
三、用生活例句快速理解 who / which / that
1.
who:用來描述「人」
- She is the teacher who gave me this book. (她是那位送我這本書的老師。)
- I know a man who can speak five languages. (我認識一個會講五種語言的男人。)
🔍 判斷技巧:如果你想補充的人是「誰在做什麼」,就用 who。
2.
which:用來描述「物或動物」
- This is the movie which won the award. (這是那部得獎的電影。)
- I have a cat which sleeps on my bed. (我有一隻會睡在我床上的貓。)
🔍 判斷技巧:描述一樣東西、一本書、一台手機、一隻狗,就用 which。
3.
that:萬用代名詞(人+物都可)
- The boy that helped me is my cousin. (幫我忙的那個男孩是我表哥。)
- The phone that I bought yesterday is very fast. (我昨天買的手機非常快。)
🔍 使用建議:
- 口語或簡單句子中,用 that 很自然也很常見
- 若想作文更精緻、避免句子模糊,建議人用 who,物用 which
四、實用小提醒:哪裡不能省略關係代名詞?
- 若關代是主詞,不能省略:
- ✅ The girl who sits next to me is friendly.
- ❌ The girl sits next to me is friendly.
- 若關代是受詞,可省略:
- ✅ The book (that) I read was interesting.
五、快速練習區(請判斷該用 who / which / that)
- The dog ___ barks all night lives next door.
- The student ___ won the contest is in our class.
- I like the song ___ you played.
答案:
- which(指狗)
- who(指人)
- that(物,可省略)
🔍結語:文法要活用,不是背用法,而是用句子感受語言
關係代名詞的 who / which / that,其實一點也不複雜,只要你從句子的意義出發,就能自然判斷出來。別再死背規則,從今天開始,用生活中的句子練習,你也能快速掌握這個重要的文法關鍵。

