英文文法太難?用「生活句子」教你學會 who / which / that 的差別

很多學生一聽到「關係代名詞」就頭痛,不知道 who、which、that 差在哪裡,也搞不清楚什麼時候該用什麼。其實關係代名詞一點也不難,只要你用「生活化的句子」去理解,而不是背公式,你就能真正學會它們。

本文用最簡單的語言、最貼近日常的例子,帶你3分鐘內搞懂 who / which / that 的用法與差別。

 

一、什麼是關係代名詞?

關係代名詞就是用來「連接兩個句子」,讓你能用一句話描述更多資訊。

例如:

  • This is my friend. He plays the guitar. → This is my friend who plays the guitar.

 

二、who / which / that 有什麼不同?

關係代名詞指代對象功能範例
who主詞或受詞The boy who is wearing glasses is my classmate.
which物/動物主詞或受詞I found a book which was very interesting.
that人/物主詞或受詞The cake that she made was delicious.

補充:that 通常可以代替 who 或 which,但在正式寫作中建議保留 who / which 以避免模糊。

 

三、用生活例句快速理解 who / which / that

1.

who:用來描述「人」

  • She is the teacher who gave me this book. (她是那位送我這本書的老師。)
  • I know a man who can speak five languages. (我認識一個會講五種語言的男人。)

🔍 判斷技巧:如果你想補充的人是「誰在做什麼」,就用 who。

2.

which:用來描述「物或動物」

  • This is the movie which won the award. (這是那部得獎的電影。)
  • I have a cat which sleeps on my bed. (我有一隻會睡在我床上的貓。)

🔍 判斷技巧:描述一樣東西、一本書、一台手機、一隻狗,就用 which。

3.

that:萬用代名詞(人+物都可)

  • The boy that helped me is my cousin. (幫我忙的那個男孩是我表哥。)
  • The phone that I bought yesterday is very fast. (我昨天買的手機非常快。)

🔍 使用建議:

  • 口語或簡單句子中,用 that 很自然也很常見
  • 若想作文更精緻、避免句子模糊,建議人用 who,物用 which

 

四、實用小提醒:哪裡不能省略關係代名詞?

  • 若關代是主詞,不能省略:
    • ✅ The girl who sits next to me is friendly.
    • ❌ The girl sits next to me is friendly.
  •  
  • 若關代是受詞,可省略:
    • ✅ The book (that) I read was interesting.
  •  

 

五、快速練習區(請判斷該用 who / which / that)

  1. The dog ___ barks all night lives next door.
  2. The student ___ won the contest is in our class.
  3. I like the song ___ you played.

答案:

  1. which(指狗)
  2. who(指人)
  3. that(物,可省略)


 

🔍結語:文法要活用,不是背用法,而是用句子感受語言

關係代名詞的 who / which / that,其實一點也不複雜,只要你從句子的意義出發,就能自然判斷出來。別再死背規則,從今天開始,用生活中的句子練習,你也能快速掌握這個重要的文法關鍵。